Published Scholarly Output

Biopharmaceuticals play a crucial role in preventing, treating, and diagnosing a diverse range of diseases across various medical disciplines. The market for biopharmaceuticals has experienced significant growth, driven by tremendous demand, with their dynamic market potential believed to surpass that of conventional counterparts. This review provides insight into the manufacturing process of biopharmaceuticals, covering both upstream and downstream processing. Various types of biopharmaceutical products, such as monoclonal antibodies, enzymes, vaccines, stem cells, human growth hormones, cytokines, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, are explored alongside their respective clinical applications. The review also addresses the challenges encountered in the development, formulation, and utilization of these biopharmaceuticals. In essence, this review contributes valuable knowledge to the understanding of the expansive field of biopharmaceuticals.

Oral route drug delivery system is still considered as the most convenient and patient friendly drug delivery route. Over the decades, many research has been performed to improve the functionality oral dosage form. Orally disintegrating film (ODF) is a newer oral drug delivery system, which is in the form of a thin film that will disintegrate in the oral cavity within a matter of seconds. The aim of this review paper is to recap ODF, its benefits, formulation contents and manufacturing method. With more research and development work has been conducted on ODF, the dosage form is expected to be manufactured and scaled up to be commercializable products to be sold in the market.