College Students' Perception and Concerns regarding Online Examination amid COVID-19

Growing concerns about online examinations have led to various investigations of techniques for improvement. With most higher education institutions shifting to online learning and examination amid COVID-19, these concerns, including the academic dishonesty, validity, reliability, and anxiety of online examination, are more critical than ever. This paper presents the outcomes of the survey to elicit the perceptions of undergraduate students from two universities in South Korea and Malaysia towards undertaking online exams and the associated concerns. Additionally, the study explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing these concerns. There are three main research questions: 1) How has AI been adopted to tackle the four main concerns in online exams? 2) What are the students' perceptions regarding these concerns? Are there any differences between South Korean and Malaysian students? 3) What is the extent of the stress level when webcam proctoring and timers are implemented during online exams? The survey results show that both South Korean and Malaysian students agree that online exams make cheating more accessible than in-person exams. They also suggest that selecting questions randomly from a question bank could discourage cheating. Moreover, the study highlights that both groups of students experience moderate stress levels when webcam proctoring is used over Zoom during online exams, and they experience a high-stress level when timers are set for each question.