Conceptual design of interlocking block utilizing lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete reinforced with kenaf fiber

Concrete is the most used material in the construction industry in modern times, the concrete technology has also been well developed over the years. Carbon emissions from the built environment and its construction has been reported amounting to 38% of the total global emissions. Furthermore, waste management is a struggling issue. This study utilises the recycled expanded polystyrene and kenaf fiber, an agricultural by-product, incorporated into the concrete matrix. Compressive, split tensile and flexural strength has been done on the composite concrete and has shown good results by surpassing the target of 5.2 MN/m², set according to the Malaysian Standard, MS 76:1972. The interlocking block is a possible application in the construction industry for cost effectiveness.