Advanced sensing and holistic perception technologies for new-type power systems: A comprehensive review

The frequent integration of large numbers of power electronics devices and intermittent-controllable renewable energy sources into traditional power grids has created new-type power systems with dual-high complexities and variabilities. These systems require innovative sensing and perception technologies to operate safely, reliably, and smoothly. We briefly explain the background and importance of holistic perception for grid stability, then discuss ecological monitoring challenges faced by existing sensing devices and solutions to meet new-type power systems' flexible measurement requirements using cutting-edge sensing technologies. Although novel, electrical quantity wide bandwidth holographic vision is vital for modern power systems issues by enabling complicated applications like real-time monitoring and dynamic modelling of electrical networks. With the rise of power-specific processors and the collaboration of edge computing, IoT, and AI, intelligent sensing technologies will improve. Wide Bandwidth TWMUs are also tested for defect detection and location, demonstrating their advantages over traditional solutions. We examine transient signal perception and data timestamping accuracy, which require self-calibrating and precise timing methods. The review concludes with future research topics and needs, noting literary unknowns, and suggesting a next step in technology development and adoption. A systematic literature analysis, identification of disjoints in recent research, and an action-producing framework for evolution and integration of modern sensing and situational awareness technologies into power systems are provided by this study. This research offers insights and ideas to assist lead the transition to cleaner, smarter, and more resilient power systems. © 2025