Microbiome and ischemic stroke: A systematic review

<jats:sec id="sec001"><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Ischemic stroke is one of the non-communicable diseases that contribute to the significant number of deaths worldwide. However, the relationship between microbiome and ischemic stroke remained unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to perform systematic review on the relationship between human microbiome and ischemic stroke.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="sec002"><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review on ischemic stroke was carried out for all articles obtained from databases until 22<jats:sup>nd</jats:sup>October 2020. Main findings were extracted from all the eligible studies.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="sec003"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen eligible studies were included in the systematic review. These studies suggested that aging, inflammation, and different microbial compositions could contribute to ischemic stroke. Phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes also appeared to manipulate post-stroke outcome. The important role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide in ischemic stroke were also highlighted.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="sec004"><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>This is the first systematic review that investigates the relationship between microbiome and ischemic stroke. Aging and inflammation contribute to differential microbial compositions and predispose individuals to ischemic stroke.</jats:p></jats:sec>