Coverage Optimization Approach in Aerial-Ground Integrated Wireless Networks

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly considered as a key technology for the evolution of 6 G network, addressing limitations related to the fixed deployment of conventional base stations (BSs). In this paper, we investigate the dynamic optimization of an Area Spectral Efficiency (ASE) for UAV-enabled BSs over a realistic 3D terrain model. The goal is to maximize ASE by Line-of-Sight (LoS) queries approach to estimate the coverage area between UAV-enabled BS with ambient active user equipment (UEs), which are distributed within the 3D terrain model. Then proposed route selection strategy is able to successfully seek a minimum path and balance path efficiency. The results reveal that the proposed algorithm is able to successfully seek a minimum path and optimize the LoS coverage simultaneously, achieving similar performance in terms of ASE compared to the PSO method, highlighting its potential for enhancing future wireless communication networks in dynamic and challenging scenarios. © 2025 IEEE.