A review on ceramic membranes: from fabrication and surface modications to advanced applications

Ceramic membranes are gaining prominence as robust alternatives to polymeric membranes in challenging separation processes, owing to their superior chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability. In recent years, extensive research has emerged on the development of ceramic membranes, addressing topics such as low-cost fabrication, advanced surface modi?cation, and specific applications. However, prior research has largely focused on isolated aspects, resulting in a fragmented body of literature. This review provides a comprehensive and integrated analysis that bridges these advances. It begins by detailing the fundamentals of membrane fabrication, covering both conventional and emerging low-cost precursor materials and key fabrication techniques. It then systematizes surface modification strategies, including physical and chemical approaches, and highlights nanomaterial functionalization for enhanced membrane performance. Furthermore, it extends the discussion of applications beyond wastewater treatment to include high-value sectors like gas separation and catalytic reactors. Finally, it assesses the current challenges, including cost, scalability, and operational reliability, and outlines future trends toward green manufacturing and digital integration. This work offers a holistic perspective, guiding researchers on the current state and future directions of ceramic membrane technology © 2026, Hanyang University. All rights reserved.