Unifying framework for modeling swelling soil behaviour

<jats:p> The destructive effect of expansive soils on infrastructure is one of the classical issues associated with unsaturated soils. Given the continuing challenges associated with swelling soils there is still a need for a practical analysis method. The swelling equilibrium limit (SEL) provides a concept for modeling expansive soil behaviour. The SEL is an upper bound swelling limit, which depends on the soil’s initial state and the boundary conditions upon wetting. The SEL is obtained experimentally from swelling tests performed by applying a range of swelling scenarios from rigid boundary condition to free swelling without confinement. In this paper, improvements to the triaxial swelling apparatus are reported, SELs for two new swelling soils are characterized, and a framework for SEL prediction is developed. The SEL framework is developed to relate SEL parameters to index properties as well as the soil’s initial volume. SEL parameters are correlated to liquid limit, plasticity index, free swell potential, and specific volume. The relationships are used to estimate the SEL for Regina clay, which is shown to agree with experimental data. </jats:p>