Syabeela SyahaliEwe Hong TatGobi Vetharatnam2025-07-292025-07-292025-04-0110.1088/1742-6596/2998/1/012004https://dspace-cris.utar.edu.my/handle/123456789/11273In this paper, a volume scattering model for a wider variety of scatterers in vegetation remote sensing is proposed by utilizing computational electromagnetics in developing the scattering model of the scatterers. In this proposed model, both Equivalent Principle Algorithm (EPA) and Relaxed Hierarchical Equivalent Source Algorithm (RHESA) are coupled together as the computational electromagnetics method in calculating the backscattering cross section from the scatterers available in vegetation medium. This paper firstly presents the related work and its research gap, followed by the discussion on the proposed approach and the methodology in developing the model. This paper also proposes the technique to validate the developed model. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.enElectromagnetic wave backscatteringBackscattering cross sectionComputational electromagnetic methodsElectromagneticsEquivalent principleEquivalent sourceRelated worksResearch gapsScattering modelVegetation remote sensingVolume scatteringComputational electromagneticsjournal-article