Nem Yun, BOOBOONem YunSeok Chiong CheeSiew Hong NeohEric Boon-Kuang AngEe Lee AngPauline ChooAzanna Ahmad KamarFarah Inaz Syed-AbdullahAnn Cheng Wong2024-11-012024-11-012021-09https://doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001149https://dspace-cris.utar.edu.my/handle/123456789/5995<jats:title>Objectives</jats:title> To determine a 10-year trend of survival, morbidities and care practices, and predictors of in-hospital mortality in very preterm neonates (VPTN, gestation 22 to &lt;32 weeks) in the Malaysian National Neonatal Registry. <jats:title>Design</jats:title> Retrospective cohort study. <jats:title>Setting</jats:title> 43 Malaysian neonatal intensive care units. <jats:title>Patients</jats:title> 29 010 VPTN (without major malformations) admitted between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2018. <jats:title>Main outcome measures</jats:title> Care practices, survival, admission hypothermia (AH, &lt;36.5°C), late-onset sepsis (LOS), pneumothorax, necrotising enterocolitis grade 2 or 3 (NEC), severe intraventricular haemorrhage (sIVH, grade 3 or 4) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). <jats:title>Results</jats:title> During this 10-year period, there was increased use of antenatal steroid (ANS), lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) and early continuous positive airway pressure (eCPAP); but decreased use of surfactant therapy. Survival had increased from 72% to -83.9%. The following morbidities had decreased: LOS (from 27.9% to 7.1%), pneumothorax (from 6.0% to 2.7%), NEC (from 8.1% to 4.7%) and sIVH (from 12.2% to 7.5%). However, moderately severe AH (32.0°C–35.9°C) and BPD had increased. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that lower birth weight, no ANS, no LSCS, admission to neonatal intensive care unit with &lt;100 VPTN admissions/year, no surfactant therapy, no eCPAP, moderate and severe AH, LOS, pneumothorax, NEC and sIVH were significant predictors of mortality. <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> Survival and major morbidities had improved modestly. Failure to use ANS, LSCS, eCPAP and surfactant therapy, and failure to prevent AH and LOS increased risk of mortality.journal-article