This paper examines the relationship between traditional timber frame structure and the diasporic identity of the Southern Fujianese Chinese community in West Malaysia. It analyses the cultural semiotics of Southern Fujianese traditional Chinese temple timber frame structure architectural language. This study addresses the under-examined domain of Chinese cultural identity representation through the architecture of traditional Chinese temples in Malaysia. It seeks to understand its underlying structure and process involved in revealing its disposition within the cultural phenomena from the perspective of Chinese cultural semiotics. Selected Southern Fujianese traditional Chinese temples in West Malaysia built between the 18th to the 19th century that retain the traditional timber frame structure were investigated through field survey and focused publication review. Historical interpretive analysis and typological analysis supplement the cultural semiotics analysis to assess the timber frame structure attributes concerning architectural language expressions. Findings reveal that the architectural language signifiers of the structural disposition of the timber framework and its corresponding formal articulation establish a clear statement of the Southern Fujian Chinese cultural identity. The evaluation of the cultural identity signifiers helps to understand the underlying structure and process of the Chinese cultural semiotics in architecture. Results of this research substantiate the significance of timber frame structure in preserving the architectural heritage of the Southern Fujianese traditional Chinese temples. They provide important references for conservation and cultural studies of such building typology.

Today’s rule of law construction in China is walking between the conflict and coordination of factors such as reality and ideals, tradition and modernity, local and foreign, and local knowledge and universal principles, all while continuing to strengthen the unification of the legal system and advance the modernization of the rule of law. Traditional customary law, which is the most representative local resource culture, is unquestionably one of the most important themes in the formation of the rule of law. It has far-reaching significance for the development of ethnic jurisprudence, the reunderstanding of traditional culture, and the construction of ethnic unity and harmonious society. Based on this background, this paper uses big data technology to collect relevant experimental data and proposes a traditional customary law value assessment based on BPNN. The completed work is as follows: (1) this paper clarifies the concept of customary law and the difference between it and related concepts and introduces the domestic relevant research on traditional customary law and the interactive relationship between customary law and national law in dynamic legal practice and puts forward the status and influence of customary law in contemporary legal practice. (2) The related technologies of neural network are introduced, and a traditional customary value evaluation system that can be used for experiments is constructed. (3) Experiment with the designed data set to see if the BP model is feasible. The experimental results suggest that the model proposed in this study has a low error rate and performs well while evaluating traditional common law values.

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengupas konsep falsafah atau metafizik Melayu secara khusus dari kurun ke-7 sehingga kurun ke-17 yang menjangkau kerajaan Sriwijaya, Malayu-Singapura dan Aceh dengan karya-karya filsuf Sakyakirti, Dharmakirti, Kuja Ali (melalui narator Hikayat Seri Rama) dan Hamzah Fansuri. Falsafah daripada kerajaankerajaan pelbagai zaman merujuk kepada ilmu tertinggi yang sama iaitu metafizik yang berasaskan konsep sebab dan akibat (causality). Para filsuf bersetuju bahawa alam semesta adalah kesan yang dicipta daripada sebab muktamad, namun ahli falsafah Sriwijaya seperti Sakyakirti dan Dharmakirti dari sekolah Buddha Yogacara mengaitkan perkara ini dengan cita, manakala Kuja Ali dan Hikayat Seri Rama dari tradisi Hindu Samkhya pada zaman Melayu-Singapura menganggap hal ini sebagai purusa, dan Hamzah Fansuri dari tasawuf Islam pada zaman kerajaan Aceh pula merujuknya sebagai Allah SWT. Di sebalik perbezaan itu, pendekatan pengetahuan kendiri yang sama telah diambil oleh semua filsuf kerana mereka mempercayai bahawa “wujud diri” (akibat) adalah tidak berbeza dengan wujud sebab, iaitu dengan menyedari wujud diri, seseorang akan mengenali “wujud hakiki”. Persamaan dan kesinambungan daripada konsep dan pendekatan ini di seluruh kerajaan Sriwijaya sehingga ke Aceh mungkin merupakan tradisi atau jati diri falsafah Melayu yang belum diterokai dan disedari oleh masyarakat falsafah.

Hubungan makna antara unit pembayang dan maksud telah banyak dibincangkan oleh sarjana, namun belum lagi difahami sebagai hasil penaakulan analogi Melayu. Kekurangan ini akan ditangani dalam artikel ini yang tujuannya untuk membentuk penaakulan pantun agar dapat dikemukakan dan dijelaskan, sekali gus mengesahkan bahawa pantun ialah bahan dan tradisi logik Melayu dalam sejarah keilmuan Melayu. Keberadaan logik pantun dapat dibuktikan melalui keberadaan "pantun yang cukup elok" menurut pengelasan Za'ba, dan skopnya dicadangkan terdiri daripada lima, iaitu (1) peri alat tahu (yang mengungkapkan unit pembayang dan maksud), (2) peri objek tahu (isi unit pembayang dan maksud), (3) peri perbahasan atau kebolehanalogian (unit pembayang berhubungan secara analogi dengan unit maksud serta punca-punca kegagalannya), (4) peri penaakulan analogi (bentuk dan jenis analogi yang digunakan dalam penggubahan pantun), dan (5) peri falsafah penaakulan (justifikasi tentang keunikan dan kelebihan pantun bertaakul secara analogi). Berdasarkan pantun bertulis terawal dari tahun 1371 M, sejarah bertulis logik pantun secara khusus dan sejarah logik Melayu secara umum sepanjang 650 tahun dapat dibina semula menurut kerangka skop logik pantun yang dicadangkan artikel ini.

As the mainstream of Confucianism, the Song and Ming philosophies played an irreplaceable role in the 800 years of history from the Song dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty. The theoreticians were concerned with the principles of heaven, nature, and physics and especially with the principles of human nature, which changed in the Qing Dynasty to a practice-oriented way of thinking. However, the practical thinking of Qing dynasty Neo-Confucianism is difficult to apply to practice because of the obscure text and the limitations of the time period, so it is worth further discussing how to deconstruct and promote the learning of Qing dynasty practical thinking under the new technology. This paper systematically reviews the ideological origins and political practices of Qing dynasty Neo-Confucianism and proposes a knowledge-tracking model around deep learning technology, which not only provides a contemporary technological tool for deconstructing the practical thinking of Qing dynasty Neo-Confucianism but also provides an application path for the integration of technology and knowledge.

There are some problems in feature extraction and representation of Chinese mental verbs, such as low accuracy and low efficiency. In order to further improve the computational efficiency and accuracy of Chinese mental verb text, based on deep learning theory, activation function and damage function were used to optimize the original model. Considering the calculation method of model gradient, the optimization model describing the characteristics of Chinese mental verbs is finally obtained. The model can be used to analyze the variation of the characteristic parameters of Chinese verbs and the method of representation. Finally, the model error is analyzed by the method of comparative verification. Relevant studies show that the number of outputs and output results corresponding to softmax function will influence the test results of the model. By comparing the curves, it can be seen that the curve corresponding to the output number has an obvious increasing trend, while the corresponding output result curve has an opposite changing trend. The linear and nonlinear characteristics of the two curves are obvious. The real value of the mean square error function shows a change of linear increase, while the corresponding output value shows a change trend of gradual decline, which indicates that the two kinds of data have different influences on the model under related algorithms. It can be seen from the error data that the gradual increase of independent variables will improve the accuracy of the test results. Five different Chinese mental verb parameters have different manifestations in the deep learning model: among them, declarative verbs fluctuate in a small range and have little corresponding influence. However, the fluctuation of nondeclarative verbs and positive and negative declarative verbs is relatively small, and the curve is relatively stable. Negative verbs have a positive influence on the test output. Double negative verbs have negative effects. Finally, the accuracy of the model is verified by calculating the difference between experimental data and model data. This research can provide theoretical support and model verification method for the application of deep learning model in other fields of Chinese language.